HGH, or Human Growth Hormone, is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates growth, metabolism, and body composition. Synthetic HGH is used medically to treat growth hormone deficiency, certain growth disorders in children, and adult growth hormone deficiency. It is also sometimes misused for bodybuilding or anti-aging purposes, which carries health risks.

Mechanism of action:
HGH binds to growth hormone receptors on cells, stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver. IGF-1 promotes:

• Growth of bones and muscles

• Cell regeneration and repair

• Metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

Uses:

• Children with growth hormone deficiency to improve height

• Adults with HGH deficiency to improve muscle mass, bone density, and energy levels

• Treatment of certain genetic growth disorders (like Turner syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome)

• Sometimes used off-label for muscle wasting in chronic illness

Adverse effects:
Common side effects include joint pain, swelling, carpal tunnel syndrome, and fluid retention. Rare but serious effects can include diabetes, increased risk of tumors, heart problems, and abnormal growth of organs or bones. Misuse for bodybuilding or anti-aging is unsafe and illegal.